What is the role of flexibility in net zero?

Integration of renewable energy sources

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, are inherently intermittent. Energy flexibility allows for better integration of these variable energy sources into the grid by managing fluctuations in supply and demand.

Demand response

Energy flexibility involves adjusting energy consumption patterns in response to changes in electricity prices or grid conditions. This demand response capability helps balance the grid and reduce the need for conventional power plants to meet peak demand, thus optimising the use of renewable energy.

Energy storage

Energy flexibility often involves the use of energy storage technologies, such as batteries. These systems store excess energy when supply exceeds demand and release it when demand is high, providing a reliable and flexible way to manage fluctuations in renewable energy production.

Smart grids

Energy flexibility is closely related to the concept of smart grids, which use advanced technologies to monitor, control and optimise the operation of the electrical grid. Smart grids enable real-time communication between utilities and consumers, allowing for more efficient energy use and grid management.

“As we change the way we fuel our cars and heat our homes, demand for electricity will increase from millions of new electric vehicles and heat pumps. Being more flexible in when we use electricity will help avoid the need to build new generating and grid capacity to meet this demand, resulting in significant savings on energy bills.”

Jonathan Brearley, CEO, Ofgem

Electrification of transportation

Energy flexibility can be enhanced by integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid. Smart charging infrastructure allows for the coordinated charging of EVs, taking advantage of periods when renewable energy generation is high or electricity prices are low.

Flexibility in industrial processes

Industries can contribute to energy flexibility by adjusting their production schedules or energy consumption patterns based on grid conditions. This may involve using advanced control systems and technologies to optimise energy use.

Decentralised energy systems

Energy flexibility supports the development of decentralised energy systems, where energy generation and consumption are distributed across various sources and locations. This decentralisation enhances resilience and reduces dependence on centralised, fossil fuel-based power plants.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Flexibility in energy systems can accommodate the integration of carbon capture and storage technologies. This helps mitigate emissions from certain industrial processes or fossil fuel-based power generation, contributing to the overall goal of achieving net-zero emissions.

In summary, energy flexibility is a critical enabler for transitioning to a net-zero carbon future. It involves a combination of technologies, policies and practices that allow for the efficient use of renewable energy, reduce reliance on fossil fuels and enhance the resilience and reliability of the energy system.

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