Renewable energy integration
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are intermittent, meaning their generation varies with weather conditions. Batteries can store excess energy produced during periods of high generation and release it during low generation or high demand, helping to smooth out fluctuations and ensure a stable and reliable energy supply.
Grid balancing and stability
Batteries can act as grid stabilisers by responding quickly to fluctuations in energy supply and demand. They can discharge stored energy rapidly to help balance the grid during sudden demand spikes or generation drops, thereby preventing blackouts and enhancing the overall grid stability.
Energy time shifting
Batteries allow for time-shifting of energy consumption. Excess energy generated during off-peak hours can be stored in batteries and used during peak demand periods, reducing the need for additional power plants and fossil fuel-based generation during high-demand times.
Electric vehicles (EVs)
The widespread adoption of electric vehicles is a crucial component of the transition to net zero. Batteries in EVs store and supply electricity to power the vehicle, displacing the need for traditional internal combustion engines and reducing emissions in the transportation sector.
Electrification of industries
In industries where direct electrification is feasible, batteries can support the transition away from fossil fuels. For example, in the construction sector, battery-powered equipment can replace diesel-powered machinery, reducing emissions.
Decentralised energy systems
Batteries promote the development of decentralised energy systems, where energy can be generated and stored locally. This approach reduces the need for long-distance transmission and distribution, improving overall system efficiency.
Backup power and resilience
Batteries can provide backup power during grid outages or emergencies, enhancing the resilience of energy systems and critical infrastructure.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Some battery technologies, like flow batteries, can utilise carbon-based electrolytes derived from captured carbon dioxide (CO2). By incorporating captured CO2 into battery systems, they can contribute to carbon sequestration and the reduction of atmospheric CO2 levels.
Efficient use of energy
Batteries encourage more efficient use of energy by storing and releasing electricity at optimal times, reducing waste and improving overall energy efficiency.
Innovation and research
The development of advanced battery technologies is ongoing, with a focus on increasing energy density, reducing costs and improving overall performance. Continued research and innovation in battery technology are essential for accelerating the transition to net zero.
